Ups and Downs of Mucosal Cellular Immunity against Protozoan Parasites

Ups and downs of mucosal cellular immunity against protozoan parasites.

Immunity to Protozoan Parasites

1 Instituto de Biof́ısica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2Departamento de Biologia Celular Molecular e Bioagentes Patogenicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil 3 Laboratorio de Bioquı́mica y Bioloǵıa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cór...

A question of balance: ups and downs of mucosal inflammation.

Editorial Cytokines such as IL-I, TNFa, GM-CSF, and members of the chemokine a and 3 family (e.g., IL-8, MCP-l), have marked proinflammatory effects. These proinflammatory effects can be countered, in part, by other cytokines that have potent anti-inflammatory activities (e.g., TGF-P3I, IL-10) or by the binding of proinflammatory cytokines to soluble cytokine receptors in the extracellular mili...

Cardio-Active Steroid Glycosides Against Heart Failure: Ups and Downs

In the 19th century, cardio-active steroid glycosides, shortly cardiac glycosides, were scientifically established as drugs against heart failure. Their in vivo, cellular, and molecular actions as well as their predominant target, Na+-K+-ATPase, have been comprehensively investigated in the 20th century and the discovery of endogenous cardiac glycosides has fostered this research field. In the ...

Ups and downs in the fight against sepsis

Following the success of the activated protein C trial in 2001 [1], interest in anticoagulant therapy for severe sepsis was heightened. A systemic imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways exists in severe sepsis, leading to thrombus formation in the microvasculature and to subsequent end-organ injury. Endothelial injury occurring in severe sepsis is thought to be a trigger for ...